中泰宏觀:外需更比內需強
本文來自格隆匯專欄:中泰宏觀,作者:陳興 馬駿
2021年12月我國出口增速略有下滑,兩年年均複合增速稍有回落,但仍保持高位,指向出口韌性仍強。而通過數量和價格兩方面因素的拆解,我們發現,12月我國主要商品的出口金額增速中,價格的貢獻度雖有所回落,但依然佔據主導。12月我國進口增速小幅下降,這使得順差規模較上月有所擴大。Omicron變異毒株的肆虐導致國外疫情形勢愈加嚴峻,短期疫情難緩和的背景下,我國出口韌性有望繼續保持。
01
出口增速仍具韌性
12月我國以美元計價出口同比增速錄得20.9%,較11月增速稍有回落,兩年年均複合增速爲19.5%,較11月略有下滑。12月出口雖有下降,但仍保持高位,表明我國出口仍具韌性。一方面,12月新變異毒株導致歐美疫情再次惡化帶動防疫物資需求上升;另一方面,12月也是西方傳統意義上的購物旺季,海外訂單的增加也對我國出口形成重要支撐。

02
價格仍爲主要貢獻
近來出口增速中價格因素的貢獻保持高位,11月出口價格指數同比增速有所回落至7.5%。通過將十餘種商品的出口增速按照數量和價格兩方面因素來進行拆解,我們發現,12月我國主要商品的出口金額增速中,價格對出口增速的貢獻雖有所回落,但依然佔據主導,而量增的貢獻則仍有限。分品類來看,價格因素對機電產品出口增速的貢獻率仍高於勞動密集型產品。

03
對歐盟、東盟出口回落
從主要國別和地區來看,對美國(21.2%)出口大幅上升主因去年同期基數下降,但若從兩年複合增速來看,對美(27.7%)增速較上月仍在上升,指向對美出口仍具韌性。12月美國、歐元區、英國和日本製造業PMI均高位略降。對歐盟(25.6%)出口有所下滑,或因疫情期間消費意願萎縮導致;對東盟(12%)和日本(8.6%)出口增速有所下降,或因去年同期基數擡升。

04
勞動密集出口下滑
與12月增速相比,除勞動密集型產品有所下滑外,高新技術和機電產品出口增速均有所回升,分別錄得12%、23%和18%。機電產品中,手機(33%)、汽車和汽車底盤(78%)表現較好,主因去年同期基數有所回落,自動數據處理設備(22.4%)略有回落,家電保持穩定(17.6%),集成電路(21%)和液晶面板(-5.6%)顯著回落,主因去年同期基數大幅上升。勞動密集型產品中,箱包(24.2%)、服裝(14.5%)和鞋靴(29.3%)均有回落。

05
進口增速有所回落
12月我國進口同比增長19.5%,低於前值31.7%,兩年複合年均增長率爲13.4%,也低於前值17.4%,主因高基數效應以及內需放緩。12月PMI進口指數低位回升至48.2%,仍低於榮枯線。從金額上看,原油(114%)和銅(50%)顯著回升,鐵礦石(-24.8%)由於高基數效應顯著回落。從數量上看,鐵礦石(-11%)有所下降,銅(15%)和原油(20%)由於低基數效應有所上升。機電類產品中,集成電路(27.2%)進口金額同比增速在去年同期基數擡升的情況下仍表現較好,汽車和汽車底盤(-32%)由於高基數效應而大幅下降。

06
順差規模有所擴大
12月我國貿易順差944.6億美元,順差規模較11月有所擴大。受Omicron變異株強傳染性以及假期聚集等因素影響,12月歐美新冠確診病例大幅上漲,對防疫物資的需求增加,促使其出口增速上行至10%。展望未來,即便考慮到2021年外貿基數較高的因素,今年外貿運行的確面臨一定壓力。但Omicron變異毒株導致全球疫情愈加嚴峻,我國出口韌性或將有所增強。

風險提示:政策變動,經濟恢復不及預期
Follow us
Find us on
Facebook,
Twitter ,
Instagram, and
YouTube or frequent updates on all things investing.Have a financial topic you would like to discuss? Head over to the
uSMART Community to share your thoughts and insights about the market! Click the picture below to download and explore uSMART app!

Disclaimers
uSmart Securities Limited (“uSmart”) is based on its internal research and public third party information in preparation of this article. Although uSmart uses its best endeavours to ensure the content of this article is accurate, uSmart does not guarantee the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of the information of this article and is not responsible for any views/opinions/comments in this article. Opinions, forecasts and estimations reflect uSmart’s assessment as of the date of this article and are subject to change. uSmart has no obligation to notify you or anyone of any such changes. You must make independent analysis and judgment on any matters involved in this article. uSmart and any directors, officers, employees or agents of uSmart will not be liable for any loss or damage suffered by any person in reliance on any representation or omission in the content of this article. The content of the article is for reference only and does not constitute any offer, solicitation, recommendation, opinion or guarantee of any securities, virtual assets, financial products or instruments. Regulatory authorities may restrict the trading of virtual asset-related ETFs to only investors who meet specified requirements. Any calculations or images in the article are for illustrative purposes only.
Investment involves risks and the value and income from securities may rise or fall. Past performance is not indicative of future performance. Please carefully consider your personal risk tolerance, and consult independent professional advice if necessary.