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央行周末发声!未来人民币汇率的走势双向波动将成常态
格隆汇 05-24 07:45

本文来自:华夏时报,作者:刘佳

5月23日,央行在官网发布新闻《刘国强副行长就人民币汇率问题答记者问》,记者问人民银行副行长刘国强,关于近期人民币汇率走势和人民币汇率形成机制,您怎么看?

刘国强的答复是:今年以来,人民币汇率有升有贬,双向浮动,在合理均衡水平上保持了基本稳定。目前,我国外汇市场自主平衡,人民币汇率由市场决定,汇率预期平稳。未来人民币汇率的走势将继续取决于市场供求和国际金融市场变化,双向波动成为常态。

人民银行完善以市场供求为基础、参考一篮子货币进行调节、有管理的浮动汇率制度,这一制度在当前和未来一段时期都是适合中国的汇率制度安排。

人民银行将注重预期引导,发挥汇率调节宏观经济和国际收支自动稳定器作用,保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。

去年由于新冠疫情爆发,美元从3月份最高点102到年末89,美元贬值达12%左右,而人民币兑美元则从去年5月最低点7.19升值到今年1月的6.40,升值到11%左右,此后美元有所反弹,但是近期由于美国疫情控制相对比较滞后,加之美联储无底线宽松政策,以及拜登上台后一轮又一轮的刺激政策,美元再次贬值,人民币再次反弹。

在此轮美元的波动中,表现出人民币相对美元贬值时间短,幅度小,升值时间长,幅度大的特点,这表明相对此前,投资者可能更加看好人民币未来的升值前景。

其中原因就是由于疫情逐渐得到控制,疫苗大范围推广,国际需求强劲,中国由于最早控制了疫情,生产生活恢复最早,产业链比较齐全,出口增幅强劲,外贸顺差进一步扩大。

今年一季度我国货物贸易进出口总值8.47万亿元人民币,比去年同期增长29.2%。其中,出口4.61万亿元,增长38.7%;进口3.86万亿元,增长19.3%;贸易顺差7592.9亿元,扩大690.6%,扩大近7倍。

截至2021年4月末,我国外汇储备规模为31982亿美元,较3月末上升282亿美元,升幅为0.89%。

主要原因是,在国际金融市场上,受新冠肺炎疫情和疫苗进展、主要国家货币政策预期和宏观经济数据等因素影响,非美元货币相对美元上涨,主要国家金融资产价格总体上涨。外汇储备以美元为计价货币,汇率折算和资产价格变化等因素综合作用,当月外汇储备规模上升。

因此,近期关于人民币汇率未来将升值的言论多了起来。央行一位官员近期在一次内部讨论中表示,人民币对美元在中长期内将持续对美元升值。人民币国际化条件下,我们管不了人民币汇率,中国中央银行最终要放弃汇率目标,人民币汇率是全球所有市场主体对人民币的偏好、预期和交易决定的。

另有一位央行官员在其学术文章中认为,为了抵御国际大宗商品的输入性通胀,应该增强汇率弹性,人民币适当升值。

以上言论尽管是学术性的探讨,可能对市场预期产生影响。

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