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RCEP正式签约,交运受益几何?
格隆汇 11-18 11:31

机构:海通证券

评级:优于大市

 事件:2020 年 11 月 15 日,区域全面经济伙伴关系协定(RCEP)正式签订,15 个 RCEP 成员国经贸部长在仪式上正式签署该协定。

何谓 RCEP?区域全面经济伙伴关系(Regional Comprehensive EconomicPartnership),即由东盟十国发起,邀请中国、日本、韩国、澳大利亚、新西兰、共同参加(“10+5”),通过削减关税及非关税壁垒,建立 15 国统一市场的自由贸易协定。它是由东盟国家首次提出,并以东盟为主导的区域经济一体化合作,是成员国间相互开放市场、实施区域经济一体化的组织形式。RCEP 拟对印度设臵特别措施,为其能够早日重返协定提供方便。

RCEP 成员国的体量:2019 年,RCEP 的 15 个成员国总人口达 22.7 亿,GDP达 26 万亿美元,出口总额达 5.2 万亿美元,均占全球总量约 30%,所涵盖区域也将成为世界发展潜力最大的自贸区。

RCEP 主要条款:1)给予其他缔约方的货物国民待遇;2)通过逐步实施关税自由化给予优惠的市场准入;3)特定货物的临时免税入境;4)取消农业出口补贴;4)全面取消数量限制、进口许可程序管理,以及非关税措施方面的约束。? 交运公司如何受益?比较优势下产业受益,贸易互通,交运公司做 RCEP 区域内进出口商品流通的"卖水人"。其核心逻辑在于:

1)税率分步下调,短期影响有限,长期利好:在中美贸易摩擦大背景下,东亚国家将承接部分市场、技术和工业转移,RCEP 是以东盟为核心的自由贸易协定,RCEP 签署后,我们认为,中国与东盟将能够加快形成扩大版的“世界工厂”,也就是“中国+东盟”世界工厂,产业链供应链集聚效应将进一步放大。

但需注意的是,RCEP 的税率下调是渐进推进的,以立即降至零关税、十年内降至零关税的承诺为主,短期影响有限,中长期利好更多。

 2)贸易增长,商品流通:考虑到 RCEP 协议货物贸易零关税产品数量整体超过 90%,国家竞争比较优势将放大,如澳洲畜牧业、中国纺织/农业/能源产业、东南亚廉价工业品、日韩高端技术产品,自由要素条件下各国商品有望持续流通。引言商务部国际司根据国际知名智库测算,到 2025 年 RCEP 可望带动成员国出口、对外投资存量、GDP 分别比基线多增长 10.4%、2.6%、1.8%。

3)航运/港口:RCEP 各国产业互补,我们认为海运公司有望承接商品流通的海运段物流,建议关注区域性集装箱班轮公司,如海丰国际,卡位东南亚市场,船型适中适合于短途运输;中远海控,大船布局欧美干线,瀑布流效应下的小船被替换至区域干线。RCEP 区域内贸易提升下的港口公司吞吐量有望提升。

4)货代/跨境电商物流:货代将受益于进出口贸易高景气;RCEP 背景下将有更多来自其他国家的优质消费品以更低关税价格进入中国市场。除传统海运贸易渠道,商品也可通过跨境电商物流渠道进入国内,而随着跨境电商监管的强度和种类的增强,关注跨境电商物流/货代服务商,如中国外运、华贸物流。

5)航空/机场:不只是商品,人的流动自由也将加快,出国旅行更方便快捷,关注后疫情时代,卡位 RCEP 国家航线分布的航司/机场。

风险提示:执行力度不及预期,区域内国家经济发展不及预期。

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