陆港股市互联互通五周年:开闸引流硕果累累,港交所和蓝筹股皆受益
作者: 彭博
来源:彭博环球财经
中国五年前以沪港通为起点,为内地和香港等境外投资者互开大门,至今给A股和港股市场已分别带来逾千亿美元的资金净流入。
自2014年11月17日沪港通正式启动以来,中国股市对外开放的步伐从未停歇:2016年互联互通机制的第二步深港通开通、2018年MSCI将A股纳入其全球指数体系、2019年富时罗素和标普道琼斯也相继纳A、沪伦通启动。而在沪港通之前,境外投资者买卖中国A股、内地投资港股主要通过需要监管机构审批的合格境内外机构投资者QFII和QDII机制。
“五年前沪港通开通时,A股正处于多年的低点。开通起到了吸引外资进入A股的作用,起到了引导蓝筹投资的效果,也引进了长期投资的理念,”群益证券分析师林静华表示,“大的趋势来看,外资正越来越重视A股市场,A股有很多公司质量好、透明度也在上升,外资参与的比例会越来越高。”
不过,尽管对外开放正在稳步推进,A股距离成熟市场还有很长的路要走。当前,中国在岸市场的对冲工具品种少、限制多,令境内外资金无法有效对冲A股持仓的风险,且外资的A股持仓还面临30%的上限。为了进一步发展风险管理工具,中国证监会扩大股票股指期权试点,沪深300ETF期权合约拟在12月上市。
以下几张图带您回顾五年来中国互联互通机制的发展成果。
南向净买入略胜一筹
沪港通开通五年来,上证综指累计上涨近17%,恒生指数稍逊一筹,涨幅不到10%。在国际指数纳A不断扩容之下,A股投资规模逐年提升。由于2015-2017年间港股通相对更加活跃,因此整体来看,内地买入港股的资金仍略胜一筹。截至11月12日,五年来港股通净买入9,941亿港元,约合8,903亿元人民币,超过北向净买入8,832亿元。

汇丰、美的最受欢迎
从净买入规模看,境外和内地投资者都偏爱大盘蓝筹股。彭博计算显示,2017年有数据以来,汇丰控股和工商银行H股成为内地投资者净买入规模最大的股票,均超700亿港元;境外投资者净买入最大的股票中,美的集团高居榜首,达458亿元人民币,远高于第二名中国平安287亿元的净买入。

交易所受益
互联互通不仅为A股和港股带来资金流入,还提振了两地交易所的交易费收入。五年来,香港交易所股价上涨约三成。港交所今年的三季报显示,来自沪深港通的收入创新高,成为前三季收入同比上升的推动力之一;今年前9个月,北向交易平均日成交额是2018年同期的两倍多。

外资参与度连创新高
五年来,外资通过互联互通持有的A股市值逐步攀升,本月初达到1.28万亿元人民币的纪录新高,目前在1.25万亿元,成为境外投资者参与A股的最主要渠道,外资通过QFII等其他途径投资A股的规模推算在6000亿元上下。
“与通过QFII制度投资中国相比,沪港通显然更方便,”群益证券的林静华说,“当前更长期的趋势是资金进出越来越方便,最终外资进入不需要QFII制度。”

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