不會袖手旁觀!會議紀要顯示美聯儲準備應對債務上限衝擊
週三公佈的美聯儲5月政策會議紀要顯示,政策制定者對美國兩黨在債務上限問題上陷入僵局感到擔憂,其中多名政策制定者表示,如果有必要,美聯儲應該做好採取行動維護金融穩定的準備。會議紀要顯示:“許多與會者提到,必須及時提高債務上限,以避免嚴重不利的風險,如金融體系和整體經濟的混亂。”
目前,美國兩黨關於債務上限的談判仍未取得進展,雙方仍在支出問題上存在分歧。美國財長耶倫週三重申,美國財政部最早在6月1日時就可能無錢可用,很難準確預估出資金會在具體哪一天耗盡,但認爲資金能夠撐到6月中旬或月底的可能性很小。美聯儲主席鮑威爾曾多次在公開場合表示,如果財政部不能履行所有聯邦義務,“沒有人應該認爲美聯儲能夠保護經濟”。
不過,會議紀要顯示,美聯儲可能不會袖手旁觀。會議紀要指出:“一些與會者強調,美聯儲應該隨着準備使用其流動性工具,以及微觀審慎和宏觀審慎的監管工具,以減輕未來的金融穩定風險。”
雖然這份會議紀要沒有詳細說明所涉及的工具,但美國聯邦公開市場委員會(FOMC)在2011年和2013年債務危機會議時的紀錄顯示,他們討論了一系列可能的選項,包括通過回購美債來注入流動性,甚至有可能購買或互換出現技術性違約的美債。鮑威爾曾在2013年認爲這一極端舉措是“令人厭惡的”,但沒有說他會拒絕這種做法。
美債市場的運作是本月早些時候美聯儲官員們討論的另一個話題。美債是全球最大的債券市場,併成爲全球借貸成本的基準。會議紀要顯示:“一些與會者指出了美債市場有序運作的重要性,或者強調了相關當局繼續解決與市場韌性相關問題的重要性。”
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