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債務大限將至,從ETF、美債到公司債,市場都在爲違約可能定價
uSMART盈立智投 05-24 10:08

時間一天天逼近6月1日這個最早可能債務違約的日子,從ETF、美國國債到公司債,金融市場都在爲可能發生的違約做出反應。

高盛明星衍生品交易員Brian Garrett展示的以下圖表顯示,據新近數據,包括14種最常交易的ETF在內,主要美股ETF的未平倉看跌期權合約合計達4100萬份。Garrett稱,看跌合約的未平倉量創歷史新高。

上一次看跌的未平倉合約接近這一歷史高位是在2011年8月,當時也是在債務上限危機期間。Garrett認爲,隱含波動率處於區間底部,對衝成本低,數據表明,投資者終於在利用期權市場避免尾部風險。

本週二媒體發現,儘管美國國會領袖和白宮的談判釋放了一些積極的信號,美國短期國債市場仍在釋放明確的違約風險警報。因爲6月初到期的債券被視爲最有可能在美國政府資金耗盡時無力償付的一類債券,這類短債還存在很高的收益率溢價。

媒體指出,一些6月初到期的債券利率高於5.7%,不但高於今年夏季晚些時候的債券利率,還比5月30日到期的債券利率高了近3個百分點。

而且,由於擔心可能主權債違約,交易員開始將他們所持的避險資產轉換爲評級最高的那些美國公司債。

有媒體指出,投資者在迴避未來幾個月內將到期的短期美國國債,同時溢價買入微軟和強生這兩家最高評級的美國公司債。這產生了華爾街罕見的情形:這類公司債的收益率竟然低於通常被視爲全球最安全投資的美國國債。也就是說,這些公司債券的交易價高於美國國債。

追蹤債市機構Solve Data的數據顯示,將於今年8月8日到期的微軟債券最近幾天以略高於4%的收益率轉手。而8月6日到期的短期美國國債收益率高於5.2%。

投資者也在付出比美國國債更高的價格買入強生的公司債。最近幾周,今年11月到期的強生債券交易收益率比同期到期的美國國債低近一個百分點。

投資者對高評級公司債的濃厚興趣刺激了大批公司債發行。Leveraged Commentary & Data 的數據顯示,上週,美國新發行的投資級債券規模創14個月來新高,本月的發債募資總額由此增至將近1250億美元。上週強生的對手、投資級低於強生的輝瑞發行債券310億美元,創五年來最大公司債發行規模,並且是有紀錄以來第四大交易。

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