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美聯儲官員保持加息大門敞開,稱銀行壓力可能對前景構成壓力
uSMART盈立智投 03-31 15:42

三位美聯儲官員週四對進一步加息以降低高通脹水平持開放態度,其中兩位指出銀行業問題可能對經濟產生足夠的阻力,以幫助比預期更快地降溫價格壓力。

“通脹仍然過高,最近的指標強化了我的觀點,即要將通脹降至與價格穩定相關的2%目標,還有更多工作要做,”波士頓聯邦儲備銀行領導人蘇珊柯林斯在全國商業經濟協會的一次會議上發表講話時說。

但今年在制定利率的聯邦公開市場委員會沒有投票權的柯林斯也表示,在上週加息25個百分點之後,美聯儲可能接近完成加息。

這位官員援引美國央行上週三發佈的預測,指出今年將再增加25個基點,她認爲這一預測“合理平衡貨幣政策限制性不足以降低通脹的風險,以及經濟活動放緩幅度超過應對物價上漲壓力所需的風險。”

明尼阿波利斯聯邦儲備銀行領導人尼爾卡什卡里在FOMC擁有投票權,他也表示該機構“還有更多工作要做”,但他沒有說明他希望看到採取什麼行動。

在通脹方面減輕美聯儲壓力的一個關鍵力量是硅谷銀行和其他金融機構倒閉引發的銀行系統問題的出現。隨着美聯儲召開最後一次政策會議,銀行倒閉令金融市場動盪不安,迫使當局增加市場流動性。銀行還利用了央行創紀錄水平的緊急流動性。

柯林斯說,銀行“強大而有彈性”,但可能會減少提供信貸,這反過來又會對整體活動造成壓力。“這些發展可能會部分抵消額外加息的需求。”

里士滿聯儲主席託馬斯巴爾金在一次講話中表示,在當前情況下貨幣政策需要“靈活”。他還表示,金融部門的問題可能有助於美聯儲實現其使通脹率更快回到2%的使命,同時對未來的不確定性提出警告。

巴爾金說:“信貸條件收緊,加上我們利率變動的滯後效應,可能會相對迅速地降低通脹,”儘管仍有許多原因可能導致價格壓力需要時間才能緩解。銀行行長今年不會對FOMC投票。

但卡什卡利還指出,處理當前的銀行業問題還處於初期階段。他說,“銀行業恐慌和銀行業壓力往往比你想象的需要更長的時間”才能解決。“我們可能需要一段時間才能明白,是否還有更多損失?”

堅實的基礎

柯林斯在講話中對經濟持樂觀態度,但暗示經濟放緩迫在眉睫,同時還表示可能需要失業率有所上升以幫助降低工資價格通脹。

最近的數據“表明經濟的潛在實力比許多人預期的要強”,而就業和支出的活力“可能反映了政策直到2022年下半年才進入完全限制性區域的事實,而且現在可能還爲時過早看看它對實際活動的全部影響,”柯林斯說。

但她補充說,“有一些跡象表明勞動力需求正在放緩”,因爲受到冠狀病毒大流行嚴重打擊的就業部門現在已接近復甦。柯林斯還表示,“雖然我們可能會看到一些工資放緩的初步跡象,但價格通脹的持續改善還需要更多跡象。”

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