VR光學:Pancake趨勢確立,關注核心供應鏈
本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究,作者:徐濤 胡葉倩雯 樑楠
Pancake技術可顯著改善VR頭顯的重量和厚度,伴隨供應鏈持續優化,規模商用趨勢明確,我們預計Pico、Meta、蘋果即將推出的VR新品均採用Pancake光學方案,且未來滲透至更多品牌,預計2022~24年市場規模CAGR達223%。建議關注核心供應鏈公司。
▍Pancake技術:基於光路折返技術,助力VR輕薄化。
Pancake(摺疊光學)方案利用偏振光的多次折返以實現窄小空間內的光線傳遞和視角放大,目前兩片式Pancake爲主流,主要因成本較低且可控性高,成像效果也有相當有保障,整體技術方案較爲成熟。對比菲涅爾透鏡方案,Pancake優勢主要體現在設備更加輕薄(Pancake/菲涅爾透鏡方案VR頭顯重量普遍在180~200g/400~500g,厚度普遍在30-40mm/70-80mm)、視場角更高(面板分辨率無限制,理論視場角可達200°)、支持屈光度調節(近視友好)。在生產上,Pancake主要存在光學效率低(理論效率爲25%,實際應用在13~16%)、設計門檻高(多設計參數、多性能方面進行平衡)、生產良率低(光學膜技術難度高,組裝貼合生產良率低)等問題,進一步優化方向包括系統設計、透鏡技術、可變焦等。
▍市場空間:規模商用趨勢明確,預計2022~24年市場規模CAGR達223%。
出貨量角度,我們認爲短期由於舊產品漲價、宏觀經濟承壓等將導致VR增速階段性放緩,但長期堅定看好,預計2022/23/24年出貨量約1400/2000+ /2700+萬臺;滲透率角度,伴隨供應鏈持續優化,近兩年Pancake已被arpara、HTC、YVR、創維等品牌應用於一體式VR。我們預計Pico、Meta、蘋果即將推出的VR新品均採用Pancake光學方案,且未來滲透至更多品牌,我們預測2022/23/24年Pancake技術滲透率分別約10%+/30%+/60+%;單價角度,目前Pancake方案ASP約200~300元,考慮價格年降,我們預計2022/23/24年Pancake方案市場規模2.8~4.2/11~17/29~44億元,以區間下限測算對應2022~24年CAGR達223%。
▍關注鏡頭、偏振片、模組等國產化趨勢。
Pancake產業鏈中,鍍膜、透鏡、組裝爲關鍵工藝,價值量佔比最高。根據Pancake成像原理,無論是單片式、兩片式或多片式,單臺VR一體機至少需要2×反射式偏振膜、4×45°1/4波片、2×線性偏振片(近眼側可再添加2片以進行優化),此外還包括若幹層其他光學膜(半透半反膜、保護膜、離散膜、減反射膜等)。根據產業調研,光學膜是Pancake方案的核心成本項目,合計佔比在70%左右,細分類別來看,反射式偏振膜成本佔比最高,以2P Pancake方案爲例,鏡片/反射式偏振膜/其他材料BoM分別佔比25%/50%/25%。目前多家大陸廠商已切入Pancake光學設計、鏡片加工、偏振片、其他材料及膜貼合、模組整合供應鏈,不斷優化產線技術和良率水平,有望進一步提升供應份額。
▍風險因素:
下遊需求不及預期;原材料價格波動及供給不足;技術創新不及預期;匯率波動;行業競爭加劇等。
▍投資策略:
Pancake技術可顯著改善VR頭顯的重量和厚度,伴隨供應鏈持續優化,規模商用趨勢明確,我們預計Pico、Meta、蘋果即將推出的VR新品均採用Pancake光學方案,且未來有望滲透至更多品牌,預計2022~24年市場規模CAGR達223%。建議關注核心供應鏈公司。
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