油价跌了,造船价格也跌了,航运企业机会来了?
作者:李少鹏
来源: 上海证券报
连续走低的国际原油价格让航运板块成为近期市场热门。11日,A股市场航运板块逆势走强,个股方面中远海能、招商轮船收获涨停,宁波海运涨逾7%,海峡股份盘中一度涨停,最终以6.3%的涨幅结束一天征程。

燃料油是航运企业运营成本的主要构成部分,油价下跌对航运业来说绝对是利好。记者注意到,除了近期油价下跌外,近年来国际航运市场低迷导致全球造船市场持续下滑,造船价格也大幅下跌。
在此背景下,部分A股企业已开始着手新一轮的造船计划,以期在低位抢占先机,待市场来临时顺利起航。
油价下跌利好航运业
油价下跌对石油产业链的下游,尤其是需要大量消耗燃料油的航空、航运企业而言意义非凡。
以中远海特2018年数据为例,公司当年燃油成本共计17.22亿元,占总成本比例为26.65%。由此来看,油价的大幅下跌将给航运企业带来巨大的成本节省,也为其业绩提升带来很大的弹性。

节选自中远海特2018年年报
油价下跌给航运业的利好还不止体现在成本端。油价下跌,各国原油进口需求的增加,也将使得运输需求激增;此外,为了满足增加的原油存储需求,有些航运船只会被租用,用于储存原油,从供给端减少航运船只数量,有利于维持和提升运价。
对于需要大量油料消耗的航空、航运企业来说,油价下跌肯定能缓解成本及现金流压力,究竟有多大好处?以航空企业为例,中信证券研报认为,假设航空煤油全年降幅12%左右,2020年三大航航油价格下调带来的成本减少或达15亿元至20亿元。据测算,航油成本每下降10%,对应每季度毛利贡献5亿元至6亿元。
“投资航运就是看油价趋势。”有市场人士认为,此前数年由于油价高企,全球经济低迷,运力供过于求,航运企业经营艰难,此轮油价下跌或让产业链的各个环节进行重新分配,带来更多投资机会。
造船价大跌借势造船
除了油价下跌,航运企业当下还有一大利好是造船价格也处于低位。这不,已有相关航运公司行动起来了,借势造船“蓄力”,以求在市场来临时顺利起航。
中远海控11日早间公告,公司控股子公司东方海外(国际)有限公司之五家全资附属单船公司3月10日分别与南通中远海运川崎船舶工程有限公司、大连中远海运川崎船舶工程有限公司签订造船协议,共计购买5艘23000TEU型集装箱船舶,总价合计约54.01亿元,交船时间大致在2023年。

对于造船计划,公司表示,该等船舶连同东方海外现有的较小型船舶可使东方海外的船队规模完整,并使东方海外及其附属公司得益于规模经济效益。
与中远海控情况类似的还有中远海特。公司10日晚公告称,计划在已经投资建造12艘多用途纸浆船的基础上,在大连重工再建造8艘6.2万吨多用途纸浆船。

“当前情况下投资造船,有利于把握造船市场相对低位的良好机遇,反周期运作,实现低成本发展。”中远海特表示,眼下是造船市场有利时机,也是公司低成本发展船队的需要。
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