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通脹兇猛!美國頁巖油生產成本飆升
格隆匯 10-15 15:14

本文來自:金十數據,作者:王一

隨着石油市場中的鋼材價格、工人工資和租用鑽機費用不斷增加,Rystad Energy頁巖油研究負責人Artem Abramov預測稱,明年石油行業的生產成本通脹率可能會達到10%至15%,遠高於美國整體價格指數。

這可能會對全球石油市場產生影響,債務評級機構穆迪最近將未來兩年的油價預期區間上調了5美元,到50-70美元/桶;並指出隨着石油需求增加和經濟復甦範圍更廣泛,石油生產成本將不斷上升。

負責執行鑽井和廢物處理等任務的油田服務公司在數月來一直警告稱,他們將把供應增加和工資成本上升等負擔轉嫁給生產商。其中,第三大油田服務公司哈裏伯頓的首席執行官Jeff Miller在7月份表示,現在石油行業內的許多業務都出現了通脹,他們也不得不再次把通脹繼續轉嫁下去。

對此,IHS Markit分析師ul LeBlanc表示,儘管該行業能夠將部分上升的成本轉嫁給油氣生產商,但油田設備仍處於過剩狀態,他補充道:

“我們擁有着與2019年大致相同的設備數量,但當時的活動量卻要比現在高出60%。所以到處都是鋼鐵設備,鑽機、發電機、水泵和卡車,該套件經久耐用,也意味着油服公司必須等到需求完全恢復後,才能重新獲得定價權。”

近來,隨着石油市場從疫情衝擊中逐漸復甦,油價漲至近7年高點,WTI原油價格已突破80美元/桶。Abramov指出,儘管石油鑽井的成本不斷上升,但油價走高足以使大多數石油公司在新油井生產成本上升的情況下仍能盈利。

預測人士稱,美國石油產量將在2022年期間每天增長約80萬桶,大幅高於今年產量。

油田服務公司貝克休斯表示,新增的油井數量是判斷石油行業健康狀況的一個關鍵指標,今年新油氣鑽井的鑽機數量已穩步增長至533臺,幾乎是去年同期的兩倍。

但事實上,由於供應鏈中斷和勞動力短缺導致石油生產成本不斷上升,石油行業的再次擴張遇到了難題。生產商爲了實現收支平衡,就提高了石油價格。Abramov表示,在美國最大的產油區西得克薩斯盆地,鑽一口普通油井的成本在明年將從每桶50美元左右升至每桶55美元。

上個月,達拉斯聯邦儲備銀行在對100多家石油和天然氣生產商及油田服務集團的調查中發現,油田服務公司的成本投入成本已創歷史新高,而供應商交付設備和材料所需的時間又較第二季度至第三季度之間翻了一番。

除此之外,超過一半油田服務公司表示,公司招聘人員困難,要麼是應聘者不合格要麼是應聘者期望薪水高於公司薪資水平。

同時Wilhelm還指出:

由於油田所需的專用橡膠、塑料和貴金屬產品都存在短缺,公司不得不將工作推遲數天或數週。不僅如此,受疫情影響,已有數十家油田公司破產,美國油田服務行業已步入困境,儘管“倖存”的油田公司股價因經濟復甦前景而回調,但目前該漲幅又有所回落。

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